In summaryThis article explains the interaction and effects of the coexistence between the Unified Patent Court (UPC), which was established in June 2023, and the national German patent courts, especially with respect to the case numbers and the brain drain from the national patent courts to the UPC. So, the establishment of the new (European) UPC court system did not diminish and affect Germany’s dominant role in European patent litigation. Already, before the establishment of the UPC court system, the German national courts were by far the leading patent infringement courts in Europe. Nevertheless, the number of cases at the national German patent infringement courts fell by approximately 23.6 per cent in 2023. The extent of this dominance becomes even more apparent when national case numbers are considered: in 2024 alone, Germany saw 551 national infringement actions.