Islamic thinker Dr El Mahboub Abdelsalam says Sudan’s Islamists failed to learn from their three decades in power and must now face up to democracy, accountability, and dialogue. Despite this fragmentation, he rejected calls to exclude Islamists from Sudan’s future. “What is needed now is courage from political forces with long histories, to produce fresh ideas that can move the country beyond war,” he urged. Other political forces must also contribute. “I call for a Sudanese formula of tolerance and reconciliation, and a Sudanese formula of transitional justice,” he said.