Over the past 30 years, China has gradually expanded its production of a group of rare elements which are crucial to the development of high-tech products in the defence, aviation and computer industries. Production of these elements, known as rare earths, together with the lithium used in lightweight batteries for phones, cars and computers, is now effectively controlled by China – which has shown a willingness to control exports of these strategic elements for political purposes. A paper published by the East Asia Forum recently said: “The global production of advanced technologies – from smartphones and electric vehicles to renewable energy and military systems – relies ... Sorry, this content is for subscribers only. Please log in or subscribe for $12/month.