This authority stems from the Antiquities Act of 1906, signed by President Teddy Roosevelt, which grants presidents unilateral power to designate federal land as national monuments with limited oversight. Many uses of the Antiquities Act have drawn the ire of local politicians and communities in Western states, ranging from Wyoming and Utah to Alaska and Hawaii. The Antiquities Act, in its current form, leaves communities vulnerable to sweeping land-use restrictions and injects dangerous uncertainty into America’s energy future. To secure the progress already made in opening land to energy production, Congress must act. Permanently unleashing America’s federal lands will require Congress to reform the Antiquities Act.