While policymakers are now aware of the perils of inaction on pollution, what is also needed is research that highlights the public health benefits of cleaning up air. It draws on information from the National Family Health Survey 5, epidemiological studies, and pollution data to underline the co-benefits of adhering to the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). The scenario modelled by the IIT-Delhi and Climate Trends experts is an ideal one. It recognises the far-reaching impacts of particulate matter pollution on public health and aims to reduce the intensity of these particles by 40 per cent by 2026. However, as a white paper put together by scientists, civil society groups, and public health experts pointed out in August, air pollution is not confined to administrative boundaries.