Ecology in an Era of Fragmentation Ecology in an Era of Fragmentation As a species, we produce gardeners, devoted caretakers, and also arsonists. The Middle Cathedral Rock in Yosemite National Park in 1861 (Carleton E. Watkins/Getty Images)An era has recently closed. Its basic logic took shape in the 1990s, but it reached its apex in the first decade of the twenty-first century. It was an era of uniquely dominant American power—military, economic, cultural. Democracy would put a final stamp of approval on the world that markets and human nature were already building.