Gonzalez, 56, had spent most of her adult life recovering from the pain and trauma of childhood abuse and domestic violence. Although the group was not created specifically for people involved in domestic violence and intimate partner violence, it has increasingly focused on serving this population as it became clear that many program participants had committed these types of crimes, said Rev. Intimate partner violence is similar, but refers specifically to violence from a partner, spouse, or ex-partner. The study, which primarily uses data compiled from the California Violence Experiences Survey, measures both the tangible and intangible costs of intimate partner violence. One motivation, she said, is that domestic violence is widespread, but carceral solutions typically don’t get to the root of the problem.