From analyses of over 8 million deportation orders from 1895 to 2022, researchers have created detailed visualizations revealing that over 96% of orders were issued to people from non-white countries. The visualizations include context-rich quotes from lawmakers, highlighting the racial and ideological biases underlying immigration policies. The website connects historical deportation data to current immigration policies, helping users understand the long-term systemic patterns of racial discrimination. “So, the larger the dot, the larger the number of deportation orders,” added Tso. “Southern slavers talked about black emancipation as a moral contagion,” they did not want in the United States, added Hernández.