In my research, I’ve found that Americans see hypothetical White male candidates as more electable than equally qualified Black women, White women and, to a lesser degree, Black men. Studies I’ve conducted show that Black women are viewed as much less competitive than either White women or Black men. Most respondents said that large percentages of other Americans would not be willing to vote for a female or Black presidential candidate. On average, they guessed that 47% of Americans would not vote for a woman presidential candidate and 42% would not vote for a Black presidential candidate. In one of my studies, I found that when subjects read messages emphasizing the importance of Black voter turnout, they saw Black candidates as more competitive.