If activists want to oppose Trump in his second term, then they must study the successful progressive movements of his first one. In fact, popular resistance in Trump’s first term accomplished more than many observers realize; it’s just that most wins happened outside the spotlight. Understanding when movements succeeded during Trump’s first term is important for identifying how activists can effectively oppose Trump policy in his second administration. As this example suggests, popular resistance to Trump’s agenda was most effective when it exploited tensions between the administration and capitalists. The presence of strong local movements may help explain the regional variation in coal’s fortunes.