The four-year programme will investigate trained immunity – a process where vaccination reprogrammes the innate immune system, priming animals to mount stronger responses to unrelated infections later on. Researchers will study cattle tissue samples and use advanced molecular techniques to uncover the pathways behind trained immunity. Healthier, more disease-resistant cattle could mean fewer losses, reduced veterinary bills and improved productivity, helping farmers stay competitive in an increasingly pressured market. Lecturer in innate immunology at Aberystwyth and the project’s lead investigator, Dr Amanda Gibson called the work 'a fantastic opportunity to explore the potential of trained immunity in livestock'. She added: “If we can harness this mechanism effectively, we could see healthier herds, fewer disease outbreaks and ultimately a reduction in the need for antibiotics.