History of Gujarati Muslim Business CommunitiesMichael O’Sullivan - a Senior Research Fellow at European University, Italy, has taken up their story in his book "No Birds of Passage: A History of Gujarati Muslim Merchant Communities (1800–1975)"Wednesday August 27, 2025 11:55 PM , Reviewer: Ghulam Arif KhanNo Birds of Passage – A History of Gujarati Muslim Business Communities 1800-1975Author: Michael O’SullivanReviewer: Ghulam Arif KhanHarvard University Press 2023386 ppeBook availableThe Bohra, Khoja and Memon communities have long stood as a living emblem of the vibrant commercial spirit of Western India. These Gujarati Muslim groups, though small, rose to great heights of prosperity in the 19th century. Michael O’Sullivan - a Senior Research Fellow at European University, Italy, has taken up their story in his book "No Birds of Passage: A History of Gujarati Muslim Merchant Communities (1800–1975)". And, even when Muslim maritime trade suffered a blow in the 18th century, Surat remained a hub in the wheel of regional and global commerce. By the 18th century, Gujarati Muslim traders were charting routes from Jeddah to Zanzibar.