Israel’s September 9 military strike on Qatar marks a major escalation in regional tensions and presents Doha with an urgent new security dilemma. Together, they issued a unified condemnation of Israel’s strike on Qatar. In this context, it was unsurprising that Gulf leaders swiftly condemned Israel’s strike on Qatar and expressed unequivocal solidarity with Doha. Gulf optionsLacking the military capacity to respond directly to Israel, GCC states are compelled to explore alternative, non-military options. In its wake, the Gulf monarchies have displayed strong unity at a time when rethinking twenty-first-century Gulf security is no longer optional.