The president recently issued an executive "proclamation" imposing a $100,000 fee on applications for H-1B visas. The Supreme Court only held otherwise in the Chinese Exclusion Case in 1889…. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas has suggested the same in a solo opinion joined by any other justice…. Since 1889, the Supreme Court has indicated that immigration restriction is a legislative power on several other occasions. Such "complete" legislative power is incompatible with giving the executive a blank check to impose fees and restrictions.