The vaccine was given alongside standard treatment, which includes tumour chemo-embolization, a procedure that blocks the blood vessels feeding the tumour, and chemotherapy. The trial was a collaboration between the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB), University of Birmingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and Aintree University Hospital and Clatterbridge, funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research. A total of 48 patients were recruited to receive either standard treatment alone or standard treatment alongside the cell-based vaccine. Patients received the cell-based vaccine at the same time as standard treatment with chemo-embolization, and then monthly for a further three months. In the experimental arm of the trial, the average time to tumour progression was 18 months, compared with just 10 months in the group receiving standard treatment alone.