Legally, much of the wider debate about the spiritual use of psychedelics turns on “religious freedom.” Many advocates of psychedelics favor the Religious Freedom Restoration Act model, in which groups seek exemptions for sacramental use. In 1994, Congress separately amended the American Indian Religious Freedom Act to explicitly protect Native ceremonial peyote. Indigenous spiritual practices involving peyote or other medicines continue to face stigma, legal barriers and threats to their supply. This reversal of justice benefits new psychedelic religions, while tribal nations in the U.S. remain vulnerable despite treaty rights and the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. It needs to confront its history of suppressing Indigenous spiritual practices and take concrete steps toward reconciliation.