The Act prohibits unauthorized access or access that exceeds authorized access to computers. The CFAA defines “exceeds authorized access” as accessing “a computer with authorization and [using] such access to obtain . The court determined that whether the passwords qualified as trade secrets “hinged” on the independent economic value element. While the use of non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) alone may not be sufficient in all cases to meet the reasonable efforts requirement to qualify as a trade secret, it is often a critical feature of the trade secret owner’s efforts. The decision counsels against reflexively pursuing CFAA and DTSA claims without a careful analysis of whether the conduct and information at issue truly fall within the scope of these statutes.