The combined profitability of companies in the KSE-100 index rose by 1.8% year over year to Rs. Commercial banks remained the single largest contributor, posting a 9% rise in profits to Rs. 27 billion, supported by revised medicine pricing, regulatory approvals, and lower raw material costs. ALSO READ SECP Proposes Major Changes to Company Share RegulationsConversely, profitability in energy and export-focused sectors declined sharply. 351 billion due to weaker international prices, lower production, and PKR appreciation against the US dollar.