Glenn Hanna, MD, a head and neck cancer specialist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, provides a comprehensive overview of recurrent HNSCC. The discussion features patient Andrew Dunning, who shares his unique cancer journey beginning with rectal cancer in 2019, followed by the discovery of neck cancer during a full-body PET scan. Hanna emphasizes that recurrent disease can be asymptomatic and detected only through imaging surveillance, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring protocols. Risk factors for HNSCC encompass 2 distinct disease categories: carcinogen-related cancers from tobacco and alcohol use, and the increasingly prevalent HPV-associated cancers affecting the oropharynx. This epidemiological shift reflects changing risk factor patterns as smoking rates decline in developed countries, making HPV-associated disease more prominent in current clinical practice.