Fortunately, a team of avengers has assembled at Johns Hopkins University, partner universities across the country, and research sites worldwide. The Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response, or JH-CEIRR, is one of six such centers in the country. The influenza virus has four types—A, B, C, and D—with A and B the ones known to cause seasonal epidemics in humans. She and her team focus on understanding antigenic drift in influenza viruses. Adds Pekosz: "We try to capture all the different facets of influenza virus and respiratory virus infection through these three surveillance sites."