Nyang confirmed that the consultant was not selected through a Request for Proposals (RFP) but was instead single-sourced. He explained that the project was initially conducted in-house, but gaps in the Bill of Quantities (BOQs) led to the engagement of an external consultant. Asked why payment was approved despite knowing that single-sourcing violated procurement regulations, Nyang responded:“I do know it has to be subjected to procurement regulations, but in this process you are advised accordingly. Furthermore, Section 145(3) requires that advance payments must be backed by a bank guarantee, which was also not provided. When pressed on the unlawful advance payment, Nyang said:“Maybe we don’t know of it, but sometimes what happens in these instances is that all these contracts are negotiated.