Though Newman was only beatified (declared “Blessed”) in 2010 and canonized as St. John Henry in 2019, the idea that he would one day be declared both saint and doctor was held in high places long before. His contribution to Christian doctrine in this sphere is recognized beyond the Catholic Church. In A Letter to the Duke of Norfolk (1875), Newman described “counterfeit” notions of conscience circulating for at least a century. For Newman, conscience is at the basis of true religion. Doctor Newman’s teaching restores to us the ability to hear Christ who speaks to us from the beginning in conscience.