Kosambi’s effort to give a socialist rendering of the principles of shramanic tradition is visible in his later text, Parshvanathacha Chaturyam Dharma (Four-fold path of Parshvanath)[1]. In this text he elaborates the four principles of truth, non-violence, non-theft and non-possesion (satya, ahimsa, asteya, aparigraha) and explains their efficacy for contemporary times. For Kosambi the ethic of non-violence espoused by shramanic tradition could not become a political principle and hence was reduced to sectarian rituals. It is so because the continuation of this democracy rests on violence, theft and possession. An instance of how Kosambi was seeking to modernise or contemporise shramanic thought is his emphasis on manual labour which he invokes as a socialist principle.