"Children at some facilities have been engaged in the production of military equipment for Russia's armed forces, including drones," the Yale study said. Executive director Nathaniel Raymond told reporters the effort is "potentially unprecedented," adding, "What we're seeing is an industrialized network of re-education, aka brainwashing to turn Ukrainian children into Russians and, in some cases, to turn certain Ukrainian children into soldiers." They identified eight types of facilities-ranging from summer camps and sanatoriums to mental health institutions, military bases, and monasteries-where Ukrainian children have been held since Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022. Western leaders have called for the return of abducted children to be included in any potential peace deal. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said after meeting with Mr. Trump in Washington, "Every single Ukrainian child abducted by Russia must be returned to their families."