Fossils from Brazil reveal sauropods plagued by a painful bone disease that likely killed them. This condition, which can be triggered by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa, leaves distinctive marks in bone tissue. The fossils revealed no signs of recovery, indicating the dinosaurs died while the disease was still active and may have succumbed to it. Typically, when bone injuries occur, missing tissue is replaced with new growth, a process commonly seen in fossils showing bite marks from other dinosaurs. The bones in that case were from a small sauropod species, Ibirania parva, which was found in the same location as the fossils analyzed now.