The researchers found robust correlations between so-called “good” bacteria and urinary estrogens in postmenopausal women without a history of UTIs. Those who have recurrent UTIs and were experiencing one at the time of testing. Those who have recurrent UTIs but were not experiencing one at the time of testing. The researchers also found that microbiomes of the women with recurrent UTIs contained more antibiotic resistance genes than those in women with no history of UTI. “We just can’t throw antibiotics at this problem or else we will never break the cycle of recurrent infections,” De Nisco said.