“One of the fastest-growing long-term disabilities in MS patients is cognitive dysfunction,” Hart said. “We’ve mapped out certain brain regions and have defined circuits that have to fire in a particular pattern to retrieve words, memories or ideas. In previous HD-tDCS studies on patients with traumatic brain injuries, Hart and his team found a significant response eight weeks after therapy. “That’s a strong window for a nonpharmacologic treatment,” Hart said. “Medications for this would carry risks of side effects and interactions, and MS patients are very likely to already be on a host of medications for other aspects of the disorder,” he said.