The results highlight a complex gene-environment interaction that may reshape understanding of early-life asthma risk factors. Gene-environment interactions shape asthma outcomesBeyond direct associations, the study identified a significant interaction between Can f1 exposure and polygenic scores for asthma risk. These findings emphasise the importance of personalised approaches in asthma prevention, integrating both environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility. Asthma prevention insights from early-life exposuresThis study provides some of the strongest evidence to date that dog allergen exposure in infancy may protect against asthma development and support healthier lung function in early childhood. Researchers note that while replication is needed in other cohorts, the results may inform public health strategies and early interventions aimed at modifying asthma risk.