Upon bioprinting extensive tubular networks adjacent to larger, perfusable tubular CD structures, the two types of orthogonally-fabricated CD structures formed interconnections, demonstrating a practical way to build an integrated, tissue-scale CDnetwork. Jennifer Lewis, Core Faculty memberReverse engineered kidney developmentDuring normal kidney development, the so-called “ureteric bud” (UB) functions as a seed for the entire CD network. Emulating this tubular organization poses a particular challenge to bioengineers who aim at recreating the kidney’s CD network in the lab. By using organoid biology in combination with different tissue engineering approaches, we succeeded in building renal tubular networks lined by CD cells that connect with a central outlet. After about a week, the UB cells had self-assembled into a hollow cylinder lined by a confluent monolayers of cells.