For our purpose, we will primarily concentrate on Central PSEs (CPSEs). The total paid-up capital of all CPSEs was Rs 6.87 lakh crore as on March 31, 2025, as against Rs 2.13 lakh crore as on March 31, 2015. The net worth of all CPSEs swelled from Rs 9.85 lakh crore in FY15 to Rs 22.33 lakh crore as on March 31, 2025. The contribution of all CPSEs to the central exchequer stood at Rs 4.94 lakh crore in FY25 as against Rs 2.00 lakh crore in FY15. The profitability of banks has been enhanced significantly with net profits rising from Rs 80,913 crore in FY14 to Rs 4 lakh crore in FY25 (PSBs’ profit increased to Rs 1.78 lakh crore in FY25 from Rs 37,019 crore in FY14).