How Healthy Joints FunctionTo understand joint degeneration, it helps to first grasp how joints work normally. Why Cartilage Breaks Down: Primary Risk FactorsSeveral factors contribute to the development of osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis symptoms. As joint degeneration progresses, symptoms intensify. Small bone spurs may begin forming.​Stage 2 (Mild) marks the beginning of noticeable osteoarthritis symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune, typically starting at ages 30-60, more common in women, and causing symmetrical joint pain with systemic symptoms.