In short, Carney is right to point out that middle powers have options, but he and his compatriots in Europe are starting from a pronounced disadvantage when compared to other middle powers around the globe. These states must cultivate alternatives while managing a transition from their position of reliance on the United States. This may sound alarming, but it would not necessarily be a bad thing for the United States. Even with increased autonomy, it is unlikely these states will pose any threat to the United States; they are mostly advanced, industrialized democracies that share a general tendency toward liberal values with the United States. Though Ottawa seems willing to bear some costs to buck Trump’s pressure, the United States possesses hefty economic leverage against Canada.