How Judicial Architecture Became a Parliamentary Flashpoint: Somalia’s Integrated Courts Amendment

State courts of first instance exercise both state and federal jurisdiction, hearing federal cases at trial alongside state matters. State supreme or high courts act as appellate courts for federal cases originating in those trial courts. Federal cases proceed upward through this structure and reach the Federal Supreme Court only after federal appellate review at the state supreme court level. The Federal Supreme Court functions strictly as an apex court for federal law. It does not create federal trial courts or federal courts of appeal.