Traditionally considered untreatable without open-heart surgery, severe MAC can lead to mitral valve stenosis, regurgitation, and ultimately, heart failure. Understanding Mitral Annular CalcificationMAC involves calcium deposits around the flexible ring (annulus) surrounding the mitral valve. For severe cases, open-heart surgery – mitral valve replacement or repair – was the onyl definitive option. Navigation: A catheter is guided through the vessel and into the heart, reaching the mitral valve. The Future of Mitral Valve CareDr. Sorajja’s pioneering work represents a significant step forward in the treatment of mitral valve disease.