The Supreme Court has framed four substantial questions of law in the petitions challenging the constitutionality of the University Grants Commisison (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026. The Court noted that the Regulations defined both "caste-based discrimination" as well as "discrimination". The Court noted that the Regulations provided remedial measures only with respect to "discrimination", which also covers caste-based discrimination. In this context, the Court wondered why "caste-based discrimination" is separately defined. The Court further flagged that Most Backward Classes and Extremely Backward Classes are not specified in the definition of "caste-based discrimination."