This report provides a detailed open-source intelligence assessment of the January 2020 Ain al-Asad strike, examining claims that Iran used a radiological or dirty bomb within the broader context of Tehran’s regional military strategy. With the Ain al-Asad attack, medical attention for post-concussive symptoms did not begin until the day following the attack. These results suggest that radiation exposure followed by physical trauma can exacerbate cognitive deficits beyond what either produces in isolation. The physiological impact of radiation exposure depends on several factors, including the affected individual’s biological resistance; the intensity, duration, and type of radiation exposure; and the chemical properties of the radioactive material involved. This assumption eroded after 2017, when Iranian missile forces employed ballistic missiles to hit various targets in Syria.