The olive tree in Ancient Athens was safeguarded by strict laws, highlighting its role as a sentinel of Athenian prosperity and identity. The olive tree and its product: The “liquid gold”The fruit of the olive tree, transformed into “liquid gold,” as Homer famously called it, permeated every aspect of Athenian existence. The sacred “moriai,” specific olive trees considered state property and religiously protected, were living testaments to Athena’s gift, and harming them was punishable by death. The legacy of the quality of Athenian olive oilAncient writers such as Pliny the Elder and Galen consistently praised the high quality of Athenian olive oil. In essence, the olive tree was the verdant heart of Ancient Athens.