In October 2025, at a large ceremony organized in Hanoi, 72 states signed the U.N. Cybercrime Convention (UNCC, or Hanoi Convention), the first U.N.-wide convention to combat cybercrime and increase cooperation in this area. However, the path to bring Russia to justice under this provision is not simple. This is not necessarily “new” in the area of cybercrime conventions, as the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime also contains a similar judicial settlement clause (see Article 45). States’ Obligations Under the UNCCThe UNCC is the first U.N.-wide cybercrime convention, aimed at harmonizing cybercrime legislation and procedural powers for countering cybercrime. FEATURED IMAGE: A billboard for the Signing Ceremony & High-Level Conference of the United Nations Convention Against Cybercrime at the National Convention Centre in Hanoi on October 24, 2025.