A drop in immigration amid President Donald Trump’s enforcement crackdown led to historically slow population growth in the United States last year. Five states lost population, according to the new Census Bureau estimates released Jan. 27 covering changes between mid-2024 and mid-2025. The changes suggest Texas and Florida could gain congressional seats at the expense of California, Illinois and New York. States that did gain population were concentrated in the South, where numbers appear to give Republican states in the region a political edge halfway through the decade. Vermont had the largest percentage decrease and South Carolina had the largest increase.