Vattenfall plans to use 'green steel' in the turbine towers it will use at a UK wind farm in a first for the country. The Swedish utility plans to use 'low emissions' steel for the towers of the 14 Vestas V136-4.5MW wind turbines being supplied with for its 63MW Clashindarroch II project in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. However, new techniques including the use of electric-powered arc furnaces can now produce steel using lower emissions energy sources including renewables. According to environmental product declarations and an internal comparison carried out by Vestas, the use of 'low‑emission' steel in the towers is estimated to reduce their carbon intensity by around 36% compared with conventional steel. The Danish wind manufacturer partnered with Luxembourg-based steel specialist ArcelorMittal in 2024 to introduce the use of 'low emissions' steel in its manufacturing, with the steel maker using arc furnaces and steel scrap in the process at a plant in Charleroi, Belgium.