Exhaust gases from home furnaces, fireplaces, and industrial facilities release carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the air, contributing to pollution. "This work shows that carbon capture and conversion do not need to be treated as separate steps. Most existing conversion systems only work efficiently when carbon dioxide has already been separated and concentrated, which limits their practicality. Together, these components enable the direct conversion of carbon dioxide gas into formic acid. According to the researchers, this approach offers a promising path toward integrating carbon capture into real industrial applications.