"[1]David FrumThe phrase was attributed to former Bush speechwriter David Frum, originally as the axis of hatred and then evil. Although he did not explicitly apply the epithet evil to his New Axis, Bodansky's axis was otherwise very reminiscent of Frum's axis. DevelopmentBolton: "Beyond the Axis of Evil"John R. BoltonOn May 6, 2002, then-Undersecretary of State John R. Bolton gave a speech entitled "Beyond the Axis of Evil". Axis of goodThe former president of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, described the so-called New Latin Left as an "axis of good" comprising Bolivia, Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua and Venezuela (all countries now governed by leftist leaders) and instead "Washington and its allies" as an "axis of evil". [18]Words Without BordersIn 2007 the online magazine Words Without Borders published its first anthology titled Literature From The "Axis of Evil".