What was Egypt like under Roman rule? No more true pharaohs in Roman EgyptOne important and striking difference between Roman Egypt and Ptolemaic Egypt is that the Greeks had continued to rule the country as pharaohs. Alexandria, the capital of Roman EgyptThe city of Alexandria was the capital of Egypt during Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt times. The languages of Roman EgyptAt least four languages were spoken in Roman Egypt. However, during the government of Roman Egypt, Greek became a popular language.