The departing scientists collectively accounted for more than 106,600 years of accumulated federal service experience in 2025. On average, agencies lost about three times as many doctoral-trained STEM and health employees as they had the year before. Research-Driven Agencies Face Disproportionate ImpactWhile workforce reductions affected a wide range of federal employees, agencies with a strong research focus experienced the deepest losses among their most highly trained staff. NSF has long stood out for employing a higher share of Ph.D.-trained scientists than any other federal agency. Calculations of lost service time include civilian employment, creditable military service, and other qualifying federal service.