OOLONG tea may reduce neuroinflammation by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis, according to findings from a rat model of autism. Results showed that oolong tea supplementation improved behavioral performance in the rats, including social interaction and reduced anxiety-like activity. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that oolong tea altered microbial composition and diversity in the rats. In addition, oolong tea influenced metabolic pathways associated with microbial function, including those involved in amino acid and neurotransmitter regulation. Oolong tea attenuates neuroinflammation by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in a rat model of autism.