The European Commission has delivered a landmark ruling against Google, imposing a fine of €2.95 billion for anti-competitive behaviour in the online advertising technology sector. The Infringement and InvestigationThe Commission’s probe centred on Google’s advertising technology services, particularly those used to place display ads online. The outcome was twofold: competing exchanges faced foreclosure from the market, and publishers were forced to rely on Google’s services while paying high fees. The Commission has hinted that the divestiture the separation of certain Google services, may be the only effective solution. Factors taken into account included the gravity and duration of the infringement, Google’s market turnover from the affected services, and its history of previous antitrust violations.