The course Starmer, Macron and Merz have opened, if not blocked, will have two consequences. Secondly, it is most likely to trigger a new war on Iran. These imposed restrictions upon all nations in cooperating with Iran’s nuclear programme and with its commerce. With Trump’s withdrawal and imposition of secondary sanctions the E3 could have chosen to defend their countries commerce with Iran. Under the JCPOA, Iran was acknowledged as having the right to enrich its own uranium, albeit to a specific level defined in the agreement.