Which markets are mostly water-borne (besides architectural), and which ones will shift further towards water-borne coatings? Technological developments and regulatory pressures have also led to a shift towards water-borne coatings in automotive refinish and industrial wood coatings. Alongside traditional water-borne coatings, we are investing heavily in UV-curable water-borne technology, further enhancing the value proposition by reducing energy consumption/costs. It should be noted that the product carbon footprint of water-borne coatings is not necessarily lower than that of solvent-borne coatings. Biocides in water-borne coatings are essential to prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life.