One of the key properties of dark matter is the mass of its constituent particles. However, if the particles are heavier, dark matter is classified as cold, which would promote the growth of smaller-scale structures. Astronomers have long sought to determine the dark matter particle mass by studying small-scale structures composed of gas and stars because this information is crucial for particle physicists to develop theoretical models of dark matter. According to the researchers, this difference could allow future lunar experiments to distinguish between competing dark matter scenarios. With this growing international momentum, it is now considered feasible to determine the mass of dark matter particles through lunar-based observations in the coming decades.