What is currently the main focus in developing new water-borne coatings – new technologies or raw materials? Dr. Ioanna Tzortzi: With the reduction or elimination of solvents, formulators need to maximise the intrinsic properties of water-borne resins and additives to overcome performance challenges. For example, there is renewed interest in water-borne alkyds because of their high bio-based content and low VOC potential. Water-borne coatings are already used in industrial applications such as automotive primers and clearcoats, metal components in appliances and machinery, wood and furniture coatings, and electronic devices. Dr. Tzortzi: Water-borne coatings are highly sensitive to climatic conditions, which affects application, durability, and performance.